Muscle pain

  • Omphile Mogole Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
  • Ralph Kandiwa Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
  • Oyetola Babarinde Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
  • Halima Ismail Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
  • Nokuthula Dlamini Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
  • Letlhogonolo Maluleke Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
  • Quinten Labuschagne Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
  • Lucille Malan Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
  • Natalie Schellack Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Keywords: muscle pain, myalgia, sprains, strains, analgesics, opioids, nsaids

Abstract

Muscle pain, also known as myalgia, is most commonly associated with sprains or strains. It frequently presents as redness at the site of injury, tenderness, swelling and fever. Muscle pain may occur as a result of excitation of the muscle nociceptor due to overuse of the muscle, viral infections or trauma. The most important endogenous substance released in response to the damaged tissues or nociceptor nerve endings in regards with muscle pain is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Optimal pain management involves a combination of non-opioid, opioid analgesics, adjuvants, as well as non-pharmacologic strategies. Non-opiod analgesics include paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen, which are indicated for mild to moderate pain. Whereas moderate to severe pain acquires opiod analgesics. This article provides an overview of muscle pain, the management and treatment thereof.

Author Biographies

Omphile Mogole, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
BPharm School of Pharmacy Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Ralph Kandiwa, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
BPharm School of Pharmacy Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Oyetola Babarinde, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
BPharm School of Pharmacy Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Halima Ismail, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
School of Pharmacy Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Nokuthula Dlamini, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
BPharm School of Pharmacy Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Letlhogonolo Maluleke, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
BPharm School of Pharmacy Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Quinten Labuschagne, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
MPharm School of Pharmacy Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Lucille Malan, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
BPharm, , MScMed, (Clinical Pharmacy) School of Pharmacy Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Natalie Schellack, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
BCur, BPharm, PhD (Pharmacy) School of Pharmacy Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Section
Review Articles